Sources and licenses
Complete Gallic War VII; all 35 sections of the Res Gestae with the inscribed preamble and separate later Summary; complete Meditations II–III. The supporting selections are complete within their stated bounds. Original languages are historical witnesses, with chapter-level correspondence to English except for Augustus’s same-edition Latin.
The reader code, schema and independently authored original commentary use the MIT license. Historical contributions and modern transcriptions retain their separate rights below. The two Perseus transcriptions use CC BY-SA 4.0; this does not relicense the reader software or independent commentary. Technical reflow alone does not establish an adaptation. Copyright outside the recorded United States routes for the historical English contributions has not been reviewed; no blanket worldwide clearance is claimed.
Gallic War · Book VII — H. J. Edwards · 1917 · LacusCurtius transcription
All 90 chapters of Book VII, not the complete Gallic War. English: H. J. Edwards (1869–1923), Loeb Classical Library, 1917, via Bill Thayer’s LacusCurtius transcription. Edwards’s historical source notes are retained at their chapters; web page numbers, navigation, modern website commentary and discretionary web hyphens are omitted. The two plans after Colonel Stoffel are historical interpretations reproduced with the edition, not modern archaeological reconstructions. Plan source: LacusCurtius one-asterisk image URLs, p445=large*.gif and p479=large*.gif. GIF pixels were losslessly repackaged as PNG; image bytes travel in the exact edition and bundle. Historical text is public domain in the United States; copyright status outside the United States has not been reviewed for this edition. Latin is a separate Holmes 1914 witness, not Edwards’s facing text.
Gallic War · Book VII — T. Rice Holmes · Oxford 1914 · Perseus
Julius Caesar, De bello Gallico, edited by T. Rice Holmes, Clarendon, Oxford, 1914. Perseus Project / Trustees of Tufts University transcription, supervised by Lisa Cerrato, William Merrill and David Smith; Gregory Crane, principal. Source XML phi0448.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml. CC BY-SA 4.0 International: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ . This local adaptation selects all of Book VII, reflows XML whitespace, preserves paragraph/subsection sequence and characters, and adds stable chapter anchors. It omits the volume’s other books and electronic metadata from the reading surface. No print-scan proofreading is claimed. The English is Edwards 1917, a separate witness; switching languages matches chapters, not individual words.
The source XML also credits The National Endowment for the Humanities as funder. To the extent copyright or similar rights apply, this selected transcription and our protectable contributions to its text are available under CC BY-SA 4.0. The ancient work and expired historical contributions remain public domain where applicable.
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International · Full license. This is not an endorsement by Perseus, Tufts or the named contributors.
Res Gestae — F. W. Shipley · Loeb 1924 · LacusCurtius
All 35 sections of Augustus’s Res Gestae, preceded by its inscribed title and followed by a separately identified later Summary in the third person. Frederick W. Shipley (1859–1930), Loeb Classical Library, 1924, transcribed by Bill Thayer, LacusCurtius. Historical text is public domain in the United States; copyright status outside the United States has not been reviewed for this edition. Latin follows this witness, including dignitate in section 34; it is not silently replaced by auctoritate. Italic Latin letters here denote reconstructed text, marked by color in the digital source; lacuna dots and paragraph signs are retained. Stone line numbers, web page numbers and modern hover annotations are omitted. Shipley’s historical notes and textual apparatus are preserved at the corresponding section. Modern website commentary is outside this selection except for Bill Thayer’s explicitly identified note at Latin section 32, whose original and onward-reference links are retained. English and Latin use the same 1924 witness.
Res Gestae — F. W. Shipley · Loeb 1924 · LacusCurtius
All 35 sections of Augustus’s Res Gestae, preceded by its inscribed title and followed by a separately identified later Summary in the third person. Frederick W. Shipley (1859–1930), Loeb Classical Library, 1924, transcribed by Bill Thayer, LacusCurtius. Historical text is public domain in the United States; copyright status outside the United States has not been reviewed for this edition. Latin follows this witness, including dignitate in section 34; it is not silently replaced by auctoritate. Italic Latin letters here denote reconstructed text, marked by color in the digital source; lacuna dots and paragraph signs are retained. Stone line numbers, web page numbers and modern hover annotations are omitted. Shipley’s historical notes and textual apparatus are preserved at the corresponding section. Modern website commentary is outside this selection except for Bill Thayer’s explicitly identified note at Latin section 32, whose original and onward-reference links are retained. English and Latin use the same 1924 witness.
Bill Thayer’s modern note at section 32 is separately identified in the reader. Its exact original note and the linked Strabo reference are retained; the other modern website commentary is outside this selection.
Meditations · Books II–III — George W. Chrystal · 1902 · Project Gutenberg 55317
The complete second and third books, not the full Meditations. George W. Chrystal (1880–1944), Edinburgh: Otto Schulze; London: S. C. Brown, 1902; based on the Foulis 1742 rendering associated with Francis Hutcheson and James Moor. Exact digital witness: Project Gutenberg 55317, transcribed by E. H. N. No matching print scan was obtained, and no scan proofreading is claimed. II.14 reads “three thousand ears” in that transcription; this apparent defect is preserved, not silently repaired. Historical text is public domain in the United States; copyright status outside the United States has not been reviewed for this edition. The Greek is Leopold 1908, an independent critical text, not the Greek used for Chrystal’s translation.
Meditations · Books II–III — J. H. Leopold · Teubner 1908 · Perseus
Marcus Aurelius, M. Antoninus Imperator Ad Se Ipsum, edited by Jan Hendrik Leopold, Teubner, Leipzig, 1908. Perseus Project / Trustees of Tufts University transcription, supervised by Lisa Cerrato, Rashmi Singhal and Bridget Almas; Gregory Crane, principal. Source XML tlg0562.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml. CC BY-SA 4.0 International: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ . This adaptation selects complete Books II–III and reflows XML whitespace while preserving Greek code points, chapter/paragraph sequence, additions and deletions. Strikeout indicates editorial deletion; underlining indicates editorial addition in the XML witness. These are textual signs, not the reader’s annotations. No physical-scan proofreading is claimed. Chrystal’s English comes from a different textual tradition; the switch aligns numbered chapters without claiming word-for-word or critical-edition correspondence.
The source XML also credits the Google Digital Humanities Awards Program as funder. To the extent copyright or similar rights apply, this selected transcription and our protectable contributions to its text are available under CC BY-SA 4.0. The ancient work and expired historical contributions remain public domain where applicable.
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International · Full license. This is not an endorsement by Perseus, Tufts or the named contributors.
Caesar in the Senate · Catiline 51 — John Selby Watson · 1852 · Project Gutenberg 7990
Sallust, The Conspiracy of Catiline, chapter 51 in full; John Selby Watson (1804–1884), historical Bohn translation (1852), digital witness Project Gutenberg 7990. The full volume and other chapters are outside this selection. This is Sallust’s literary account of Caesar speaking in the crisis of 63 BCE, not a stenographic Senate record. Source paragraphing, quotation marks and bracketed note numbers are retained; HTML wrapping whitespace is reflowed. Historical text is public domain in the United States; no print-scan proofreading is claimed. Copyright status outside the United States has not been reviewed for this edition.
The digital source credits David Starner, Marc D’Hooghe, Charles Franks and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team.
After Augustus · Annals I.2–4 — Church and Brodribb · MIT transcription · 1906 scan comparison
Tacitus, Annals I.2–4, translated by Alfred John Church (1836–1912) and William Jackson Brodribb (1829–1905). MIT Internet Classics Archive digital witness, compared with The Annals of Tacitus, Macmillan, London and New York, 1906, printed pp.1–3. The 1906 title and these pages were inspected. Two apparent MIT transcription errors are replaced with readings supported by that scan; the private preparation receipt records them. The scan has stamps and weak type, so this is not a claim of perfect print collation. Paragraph sequence, historical spelling and the reported gossip in I.4 are retained. Margin headings from print are available separately. Historical text is public domain in the United States; copyright status outside the United States has not been reviewed for this edition.
The emperor’s postbag — William Melmoth · revised F. C. T. Bosanquet · George Bell 1905
Pliny’s Letters, translated by William Melmoth (1710–1799), revised by the Rev. F. C. T. Bosanquet (1847–1928), London: George Bell and Sons, 1905. Complete letters XLII–XLIII and XLVI–XLVII, printed pp.364–366; modern Book X numbering 33–34 and 37–38. These are early-second-century exchanges between Pliny and Trajan, not letters by Augustus or Marcus Aurelius. PG2811 served as a draft; the selected prose and all relevant notes were collated to these three scan pages. Print wording, the fire-men spelling, note symbols, Latin italics and pound conversions are retained; no full-volume proofreading is claimed. The printed monetary total is preserved, without modern reconstruction. Exact page facsimiles travel in this edition for reference; they contain adjoining material outside the four selected letters. Historical text is public domain in the United States; copyright status outside the United States has not been reviewed for this edition.
Five included source images
The two historical siege plans and three Pliny facsimile pages are embedded in the exact portable editions, with their credits and source notes. They are available in the reader and its exact exports without separate image files. The plans retain historical red tactical markings; the three facsimiles retain their Google watermark and adjoining page material.
Plan of Gergovia (after Colonel Stoffel). Edwards, Gallic War, 1917, p. 445; LacusCurtius. Historical plan; not a current archaeological reconstruction.
Historical plan of Gergovia with black terrain lines, red tactical markings, elevation contours, Roman camps and the positions labeled in the source edition.
800 × 461 pixels · SHA-256
07ca84b62444154333f0040d689c68d1064e5a17cb7da8e4a2602951ae54a9bePlan of Alesia (after Colonel Stoffel). Edwards, Gallic War, 1917, p. 479; LacusCurtius. Historical plan; not a current archaeological reconstruction.
Historical plan of Alesia with black terrain lines and red tactical markings, showing the town, hills, rivers and the inner and outer Roman siege works labeled in the source.
800 × 479 pixels · SHA-256
dd70b6602605295f68bff05fab77de8fce5bf4b7d5dc89e2237d1cefe0714c0dWilliam Melmoth, revised F. C. T. Bosanquet. The Letters of Pliny, George Bell and Sons, 1905, p. 364. Internet Archive letterscaiuspli01bosagoog / Google digitization. Historical reference page.
Source facsimile of the 1905 Pliny volume, printed page 364, including selected letters and their original notes. Adjoining letters are visible on this full source page.
1376 × 1800 pixels · SHA-256
3f54edeea89c801cf0e925fb1d8eb19694d86e3e8565b3a1ad12708b62bd938eWilliam Melmoth, revised F. C. T. Bosanquet. The Letters of Pliny, George Bell and Sons, 1905, p. 365. Internet Archive letterscaiuspli01bosagoog / Google digitization. Historical reference page.
Source facsimile of the 1905 Pliny volume, printed page 365, including selected letters and their original notes. Adjoining letters are visible on this full source page.
1376 × 1800 pixels · SHA-256
e7d3a41dbb4239be6180aa47f2668e090afaef99e4cd7607b4f5cb6d39329b9fWilliam Melmoth, revised F. C. T. Bosanquet. The Letters of Pliny, George Bell and Sons, 1905, p. 366. Internet Archive letterscaiuspli01bosagoog / Google digitization. Historical reference page.
Source facsimile of the 1905 Pliny volume, printed page 366, including selected letters and their original notes. Adjoining letters are visible on this full source page.
1376 × 1800 pixels · SHA-256
1c244f3207a25e63f8895d8cb629a78f21b96349995ad6c2113b73854e10e2b6
LacusCurtius copyright guidance identifies one-asterisk text/image URLs as public domain. The two plan sources are Gergovia and Alesia. The 1905 Pliny source volume supplies printed pages 364–366. The Google scan requests noncommercial use and retained attribution/watermarks; this reader is noncommercial. Provider access conditions and copyright are distinct.
Reader software and original icon
The original geometric three-column icon contains no historical artwork or literary source. The reader’s application code, format/schema and independently authored original commentary are separate from the literary witnesses. Private notes and reading records are never part of this public package.
MIT license for the reader code and original commentary
MIT License Copyright (c) 2026 Reader Kit contributors Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.